Qian Xuesen was born in Shanghai on December 11, 1911. His ancestral home is Lin'an County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. He is an outstanding patriotic scientist in China and the third generation of Zhibanren people in the field of aviation and aerodynamics. The founder of engineering cybernetics was a figure in the fields of applied mathematics and applied mechanics in the twentieth century. In September 1923, he entered the Middle School Affiliated to Beijing Normal University to study. In September 1929, he was admitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. He studied in the Department of Aeronautics of the Provincial Polytechnic Institute, and in September 1936 transferred to the Department of Aeronautics of the California Institute of Technology in the United States. He became a student of the world-famous aerodynamics professor von Kármán, and soon became von Kármán’s most proud disciple. He received a master's degree in aeronautical engineering and a doctorate degree in aeronautics and mathematics. From July 1938 to August 1955, Qian Xuesen was engaged in research in the fields of aerodynamics, solid mechanics, rockets and missiles in the United States, and together with his mentor ***, he completed research projects on high-speed aerodynamics and established the "Karman-Qian approximation" ” Formula, who became a world-renowned aerodynamicist at the age of twenty-eight. Passed away in Beijing at 8:06 am on October 31, 2009. He died at the age of 98.
Comrade Qian Xuesen, an outstanding patriotic scientist in our country, is a third-generation leader in the field of aviation and aerodynamics. He is the founder of engineering cybernetics and a pioneer in the fields of applied mathematics and applied mechanics in the twentieth century. figure - in the 1940s, he had become one of the most outstanding representatives in the aerospace field alongside his mentor von Kármán, and one of the very few superstars among the scientific stars in many disciplines in the twentieth century. 1. Comrade Qian Xuesen is also an outstanding representative of the older generation of scientists who have made immeasurable contributions to the growth of New China. He is the most influential and outstanding representative of the group of scientists and the most representative among the patriotic people who have returned from studying abroad in New China. A national builder, he is a great people's scientist in the history of New China: known as the "Father of China's Aerospace", "Father of China's Missiles", "King of Rockets" and "Father of China's Automation Control". The State Council and the Central Military Commission of China awarded him the honorary title of "National Scientist with Outstanding Contribution" and the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Meritorious Service Medal issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission.
In 1950, Comrade Qian Xuesen strived to return to the motherland. At that time, U.S. Navy Undersecretary Kimble claimed: "No matter where Qian Xuesen goes, he is worth the strength of five divisions. I would rather kill him in the United States." , and he cannot be allowed to leave." As a result, Comrade Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the US government, placed under house arrest, and lost his freedom.
In October 1955, after Premier Zhou Enlai’s continuous efforts in diplomatic negotiations with the United States, even at the cost of releasing 11 senior U.S. military generals captured in the Korean War in exchange, Comrade Qian Xuesen finally broke through all kinds of resistance and returned. In the motherland, since April 1958, he has long held the technical leadership position in the development of rockets, missiles and spacecraft, and proposed extremely important implementation plans for the development of China's rocket and missile technology - for the development of China's rocket, missile and aerospace industry. development has made an indelible and huge contribution.
In early 1956, he submitted the "Opinions on Establishing my country's Defense Aviation Industry" to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council; in the same year, the State Council and the Central Military Commission established the Missile and Aviation Research Institute based on his suggestions. Leading body - Aviation Industry Council, and appointed him as a member.
In 1956, he participated in the determination of China’s first five-year scientific plan. Qian Xuesen, together with Qian Weichang and Qian Sanqiang, were called the “Three Moneys” of China’s science and technology circles by Zhou Enlai. Qian Xuesen was ordered to form China’s first five-year scientific plan. A rocket and missile research institute - the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense and served as the first director. He presided over the completion of the "Establishment of Jet and Rocket Technology" plan and participated in short-range missiles, medium- and short-range missiles
Qian Xuesen and national leader Mao Zedong together (13 photos) missiles and China's first man-made missile In the development of earth satellites, he directly led the "two-bomb combination" test of using medium- and short-range missiles to carry atomic bombs, participated in the formulation of China's "two-bomb combination" test of short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs, and participated in the formulation of China's first interstellar aviation development plan. , developed and established engineering cybernetics and systems science.
In the field of control science, Qian Xuesen published "Engineering Cybernetics" in 1954, which caused a sensation in the field of control and formed the research climax of control science in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1957, "Engineering Cybernetics" won the first prize of the Natural Science Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In September of the same year, the founding conference of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) elected Qian Xuesen as the executive director of the first IFAC Council. He became the only Chinese on the first council of the organization.
] Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Astronautical Society, and Chairman of the China Science and Technology Association. In October 1991, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the First-Class Hero Model Medal. In the field of applied mechanics, Qian Xuesen has done pioneering research in aerodynamics and solid mechanics, revealing some temperature changes of compressible boundary layers, and was the first to introduce the concept of upper and lower critical Mach numbers in transonic flow problems.
In 1953, Qian Xuesen formally proposed the concept of physical mechanics, advocating that the macroscopic mechanical properties of matter be determined from the microscopic laws of matter, and opened up a new field of high temperature and high pressure.
In the field of systems engineering and system science, Qian Xuesen proposed the concept of the overall design department of national economic construction in the early 1980s, and insisted on promoting the concept of aerospace system engineering to the entire country and national economic construction, and from Social forms and the height of open complex giant systems are discussed in this chapter. He developed methodologies for systematics and open complex megasystems.
In the field of jet propulsion and aerospace technology, Qian Xuesen proposed and implemented a rocket-assisted take-off device in the 1940s, which shortened the runway distance; in 1949, he proposed the concept of a rocket passenger aircraft and the idea of a nuclear rocket ; In 1962, he proposed the concept of a space-to-ground round-trip transportation system that uses a large aircraft equipped with a jet engine as the first-stage carrier and an aircraft equipped with a rocket engine as the second-stage carrier.
In the field of thinking science, Qian Xuesen proposed the creation of a thinking science and technology department in the early 1980s. He believed that thinking science is a science that deals with consciousness and brain, spirit and matter, subjectivity and objectivity, and that promoting the scientific research of thinking is computer technology. the need for revolution.
He advocated that the development of thinking science should be combined with the work of artificial intelligence and intelligent computers, and applied system science methods to the research of thinking science, proposing a systematic view of thinking; in addition, in human body science, science Qian Xuesen also made important contributions in terms of technical systems and other aspects. He is one of the pioneers and founders of human life science.
Comrade Qian Xuesen joined the Communist Party of China in 1959 and successively served as the director of the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the deputy minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, the deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and the honorary member of the China Science and Technology Association. Chairman, Vice Chairman of the Sixth, Seventh and Eighth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Member of the Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Astronautical Society, Senior Advisor to the Science and Technology Committee of the General Armament Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and other important positions; he also holds concurrent posts The first and second chairman of the Chinese Society of Automation; in October 1991, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the First-Class Hero Model Medal. In Qian Xuesen's heart, "The country is more important than the family. Science is the most important and fame and wealth the least. It takes five years to return to the country and two years to complete." Mr. Qian is a treasure of knowledge, a banner of science, and an intellectual of the Chinese nation. He is a model and a great people's scientist. Together with Qian Weichang and Qian Sanqiang, they were collectively called the "Three Moneys" by Premier Zhou.