Lead-zinc ore is a mineral rich in metallic elements lead and zinc. Lead and zinc are widely used in electrical industry, machinery industry, military industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry, light industry and pharmaceutical industry. In addition, lead metal also has many uses in the nuclear industry, petroleum industry and other sectors. my country's lead-zinc mines are mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Guangdong, Hunan and Guangxi. Basic introduction Chinese name: lead zinc ore Foreign name: lead zinc ore Applicable: Chemical industry, light industry and pharmaceutical industry Distribution: Mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu Meaning: Introduction to mineral products rich in metal elements lead and zinc, lead Zinc industry development plan, uses, mineral distribution, main characteristics of mineral resources, production layout, mineral types, industrial requirements, brief history of mining, development strategic planning, market prospects, technology development, product introduction Lead is extracted by humans from lead-zinc ores One of the earliest metals. It is one of the softest heavy metals and one of the metals with the highest specific gravity. It has a blue-grey color, a hardness of 1.5, a specific gravity of 11.34, a melting point of 327.4°C, and a boiling point of 1750°C. It has good malleability and is easily mixed with other metals (such as zinc, tin, antimony). , arsenic, etc.) to make alloys. Zinc is a relatively late metal extracted from lead-zinc ores, and is the last of the seven ancient nonferrous metals (copper, tin, lead, gold, silver, mercury, and zinc). Zinc metal is blue-white, with a hardness of 2.0, a melting point of 419.5°C, and a boiling point of 911°C. When heated to 100-150°C, it has good compressibility, and the specific gravity after rolling is 7.19. Zinc can be made into alloys or zinc-containing alloys with a variety of non-ferrous metals, the most important of which are brass composed of zinc and copper, tin, lead, etc. It can also be formed into die-cast alloys with aluminum, magnesium, copper, etc. Hengyang Shuikoushan Lead-Zinc Mine Ore Lead-Zinc Industry Development Plan Currently, my country's lead-zinc industry is mainly facing three prominent contradictions: First, the contradiction between sustainable industrial development and ecological environmental protection. In 2013, my country's lead and zinc production totaled 9.78 million tons, accounting for 41% of the world's total lead and zinc production. Lead and zinc have ranked as the world's largest producer for 12 consecutive years and 22 years respectively. However, the rapid development of the lead and zinc industry over the years has also caused certain impact and damage to the ecological environment. Strict prevention of heavy metal pollution has become an insurmountable red line for the lead and zinc industry. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a series of important arrangements for building ecological civilization. The newly revised "Environmental Protection Law" further reflects the country's strong determination to control environmental pollution. The method of relying on scale, fighting for volume, and extensive development can no longer continue. The lead and zinc industry must firmly establish the development concept of "environmental protection first, clean production", consciously adhere to the bottom line, and vigorously promote the transformation of industrial development into a circular, low-carbon, and green direction. The second is the contradiction between rising production costs and falling product prices. Under the situation where domestic consumption growth is slowing down, the entire lead and zinc smelting industry is currently in a bad cycle of "rigid rising costs - low equipment operation rate - relative excess supply - low price fluctuations - marginalization of benefits", which makes it difficult for enterprises to operate. , the risk is very high. According to the current prices, my country's lead and zinc smelting industry is still facing a loss dilemma, especially in the past two years, a large amount of foreign zinc has poured into the country, which has had a great impact on the domestic zinc industry. I hope that everyone can better play the role of the Lead and Zinc Branch, further strengthen industry self-discipline, consciously control new production capacity, especially newly built production capacity, and maintain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. I would like to remind everyone that since 2011, the proportion of China's trade in global trade has begun to fall below the proportion of global GDP. The international market share of traditional labor- and resource-intensive products has continued to decline in 2011 and 2012. The situation of large-scale export of lead such as lead-acid batteries or components may undergo profound changes. We must be aware of this and plan for the long term. The third is the contradiction between the continued growth of output and the slowdown in consumption growth. Liben Research analyzed the pattern of lead consumption in the United States over the past 100 years and found that when the social accumulation of lead consumption in the United States reached the level of 40 million tons, lead consumption entered a plateau period, with slow growth or even decline. The United States entered this period in the early 1940s. In 1999, the highest apparent consumption of lead reached 1.76 million tons, and then fell all the way back to about 1.5 million tons in 2013. According to Yubo Intelligence, my country’s cumulative lead consumption in 35 years from 1978 to 2013 has reached 41.65 million tons. It will soon enter a consumption plateau similar to the United States. How to deal with the huge production capacity release and demand after the consumption plateau? The contradiction of slowing down or even declining is worthy of in-depth study by the industry and thinking about countermeasures in advance. Finally, first, we must conduct investigations and studies on industry directional issues, track and grasp industry development trends, and propose new ideas for industrial development; second, we must strengthen policy services, actively reflect industry demands, and do more practical things and good things for enterprises; third, we must Increase the promotion of high and new technologies, expand the application fields of lead and zinc, and smoothly pass the consumption "platform period"; fourth, we must actively advocate industry self-discipline, strive to improve the level of clean production, safe production, and green production, and establish a good social image of the industry. Uses Lead and zinc are widely used in electrical industry, machinery industry, military industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry, light industry and pharmaceutical industry. In addition, lead metal also has many uses in the nuclear industry, petroleum industry and other sectors. More than 80% of the world's lead is used to produce lead-acid batteries.
Zinc is an important non-ferrous metal raw material. Zinc is second only to copper and aluminum in the consumption of non-ferrous metals. Zinc metal has good rolling properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can be made with a variety of metals with better physical and chemical properties. Excellent alloy. The main products produced by primary zinc companies are: metallic zinc, zinc-based alloys, and zinc oxide. These products are widely used and mainly include the following aspects: 1. Galvanizing. Used as anti-corrosion coatings (such as galvanized sheets), it is widely used in automobiles, construction, ships, light industry and other industries, accounting for approximately 46% of zinc usage. Zinc has excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion, so zinc is mainly used for surface coating of steel and steel structural parts. After the surface of the hot-dip galvanized alloy for electroplating is oxidized, a uniform and fine oxide film protective layer of basic zinc carbonate ZnCO3o3Zn(OH)2 will be formed. This oxide film protective layer can also prevent the growth of mold. Because zinc alloy sheets have good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, Western countries have also begun to try to use them directly as roof covering materials. The service life of using them as roof sheets can be as long as 120-140 years, and they can be recycled and reused. However, using galvanized iron The service life of panels as roofing materials is generally 5-10 years. 2. Manufacturing copper alloy materials (such as brass). It is used in the automobile manufacturing and machinery industries, accounting for about 15% of zinc usage. Zinc has suitable mechanical properties. The strength and hardness of zinc itself are not high. After adding aluminum, copper and other alloying elements, its strength and hardness are greatly improved. Especially with the emergence of zinc-copper-titanium alloy, its comprehensive mechanical properties are close to or reaching the level of aluminum alloy, brass, The creep resistance of gray cast iron has also been greatly improved. Therefore, zinc-copper-titanium alloy has been widely used in the production of small hardware. 3. Used for casting zinc alloy. Mainly die castings, used in automobiles, light industry and other industries, accounting for about 15% of zinc usage. Many zinc alloys have excellent processing properties, and the pass processing rate can reach 60%-80%. It has excellent medium pressure performance, can be deep drawn, and has self-lubricating properties, which extends the life of the mold. It can be welded by brazing, resistance welding, or arc welding (need to be in helium), and the surface can be electroplated and painted. It has good cutting performance and has superior superplastic properties under certain conditions. In addition, zinc has good resistance to electromagnetic fields. The conductivity of zinc is 29% that of standard electrical copper. In the case of radio frequency interference, zinc plate is a very effective prohibition material. At the same time, because zinc is non-magnetic, it is suitable as a material for instrument parts, instrument casings and coins. In addition, zinc will not produce sparks by itself or when it collides with other metals, making it suitable for underground explosion-proof equipment. 4. Used to make zinc oxide. It is widely used in rubber, paint, enamel, medicine, printing, fiber and other industries, accounting for about 11% of zinc usage. 5. Used in the manufacture of dry batteries, in the form of zinc cakes and zinc plates, accounting for about 13% of zinc usage. Zinc has suitable chemical properties. Zinc can react with NH4CI to release H+ positive ions. Zinc-manganese dioxide batteries take advantage of this characteristic of zinc. Zinc alloy is used as the battery shell, which is not only a container for the battery electrolyte, but also participates in the battery reaction to form the anode of the battery. In addition, its performance is also widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. World lead consumption is mainly concentrated in the fields of lead-acid batteries, chemicals, lead plates and pipes, solders and lead bullets. Lead-acid batteries are the most important area of lead consumption. In 2009, the lead consumption of lead-acid batteries in the United States, Japan and China was The proportions reached 86%, 86% and 81.4% respectively. Based on environmental protection requirements, lead consumption in other fields is relatively low. Mineral Distribution my country's lead and zinc minerals are widely distributed, but the identified resource reserves are relatively concentrated in a few provinces. Lead and zinc resources have been discovered and explored in 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. However, judging from the degree of enrichment and existing reserves, they are mainly concentrated in 6 provinces and autonomous regions including Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Guangdong, Hunan and Guangxi. The provinces and regions with total zinc reserves greater than 8 million tons are Yunnan with 26.6291 million tons, Inner Mongolia with 16.0987 million tons, Gansu with 11.2249 million tons, Guangdong with 10.7732 million tons, Hunan with 8.8859 million tons, and Guangxi with 8.788 million tons, totaling 82.3998 million tons, accounting for 10% of the country's total zinc reserves. The total lead reserves are 64% of 129.5692 million tons. Judging from the distribution of the three major economic regions, it is mainly concentrated in the central and western regions, of which lead resource reserves account for 73.8% and zinc resource reserves account for 74.8%. Distribution of lead and zinc mines in my country Main characteristics of mineral resources (1) Mineral areas are widely distributed and highly concentrated. my country's lead and zinc mineral resources are widely distributed. The provinces and regions with total lead and zinc reserves exceeding 8 million tons are Yunnan with 26.6291 million tons, Inner Mongolia with 16.0987 million tons, Gansu with 11.2249 million tons, and Guangdong with 10.7732 million tons. , Hunan 8.8859 million tons, and Guangxi 8.788 million tons, totaling 82.3998 million tons, accounting for 64% of the country’s total lead and zinc reserves. (2) Large and medium-sized mineral deposits have large reserves and complex ore types. The lead and zinc reserves of large and medium-sized deposits account for 72% and 88.4% respectively. The ore types are complex. There are few single lead or zinc ore types, and the ore types are relatively complex. The main ore types are lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc-copper ore, lead-tin ore, lead-antimony ore, lead-zinc-tin-antimony ore, and zinc-copper ore. wait. (3) ***It has many associated components and has great comprehensive utilization value. Most mineral deposits in my country are generally associated with more than 50 kinds of elements, mainly gold, silver, copper, tin, cadmium, sulfur, fluorite and rare dispersed elements.
Among the silver-lead-zinc deposits and lead-zinc-silver deposits, the silver reserves account for more than 60% of the country's silver resource reserves. In addition, the gold reserves and output are also quite high. (4) There are many poor ores, few rich ores, and few easy beneficiation minerals. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2001, the actual lowest industrial grade in my country's lead mines was 0.5%, the highest was 4%, the average was 1.39%, and 0.7% ~ 1% There are the most mines between them, accounting for 47.27%. The actual lowest industrial grade among zinc mines is 0.7% for the lowest mine, and 18% for the highest mine. The average is 2.95%, while the actual lowest industrial grade is 1%. The most mines are between ~3%, accounting for 73.17%. The sum of lead and zinc grades in mines is mostly between 5% and 10%, and ores with grades greater than 10% only account for 15% of the total reserves. However, the grades of foreign mines are generally relatively high, with lead and zinc mostly above 10%. Production Layout The production layout of China's lead and zinc industry is based on the distribution and construction conditions of lead and zinc mine production areas. After years of development and construction, it has now formed five major lead and zinc mining, smelting, smelting and processing areas in Northeast China, Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi, Yunnan and Sichuan, and Northwest China. The supporting production base accounts for more than 85% of the country's total lead output and 95% of its zinc output. 1. Northeast lead and zinc production base. Northeast China is one of the earliest lead and zinc production bases developed in my country. In the early 1950s, its lead production accounted for more than 80% of the country's lead production, occupying an important position in China's lead and zinc production. The Northeast base is dominated by seven mines and two plants, namely Qingchengzi lead-zinc mine, Bajiazi lead-zinc mine, Chaihe lead-zinc mine (now closed), Huanren copper-zinc mine, Hongtoushan copper-zinc mine, Xilin Lead-zinc mine, Tianbaoshan lead-zinc mine and Shenyang smelting plant, Huludao zinc plant. The Seven Mines and Two Plants are not only the pillar factories and mines of Northeast Lead and Zinc Production Base, but also a base for cultivating scientific and technological talents. In the 1960s and 1970s, it sent a large number of scientific and technological and management talents with practical experience as well as production technical workers to newly-established lead and zinc enterprises across the country, making positive contributions to the development of China's lead and zinc industry. 2. Hunan lead and zinc production base. Hunan is rich in lead and zinc mineral resources, and there are many rich ores. Most of the mineral areas can be developed and utilized. The base's lead and zinc factory was built in the 1950s and 1960s. It is a Hunan lead and zinc production base composed of Shuikou Mountain Mining Bureau, Taolin Lead and Zinc Mine, Huangshaping Lead and Zinc Mine, Dongpo Lead and Zinc Mine and Zhuzhou Smelting Plant. At that time, it was the largest lead and zinc production base in the country that produced its own raw materials, occupying an important position in the country's output. 3. Guangdong and Guangxi lead and zinc production bases. Guangdong and Guangxi are rich in lead and zinc resources and are one of my country's large-scale lead and zinc production bases formed in the 1970s. Guangdong is dominated by Fankou lead-zinc mine and Shaoguan smelter, followed by Bingcun lead-zinc mine, Changhua lead-zinc mine, and Dajianshan lead-zinc mine. Guangxi has Siding lead-zinc mine, Daxin lead-zinc mine, Hesan lead-zinc mine, Liuzhou Zinc Products Factory and Dachang Mining Bureau. 4. Dianchuan lead and zinc production base. Yunnan is rich in lead and zinc mineral resources, and its current reserves of lead and zinc rank first in the country. The lead and zinc enterprises in this base were also built in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly Huize lead-zinc mine, Lancang Laochang lead-zinc mine, Kunming smelting plant, and Gejiu Jijie smelting plant. Yunnan's lead-zinc mineral resources have broad development prospects. In the 1990s, construction of the Jinding Mine, a super-large lead-zinc deposit, began. Sichuan has two major mines, Huidong Lead-Zinc Mine and Huili Lead-Zinc Mine, as well as a number of small and medium-sized mines. The output of lead-zinc concentrate has increased sharply. 5. Northwest lead and zinc production base. The northwest region is also rich in lead and zinc mineral resources, mainly distributed in the three provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi and Qinghai. Moreover, the reserves in the western mineralization belt have increased significantly through exploration, and the resource prospects are very promising. The base's lead and zinc production is dominated by Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Company, with Baiyinchang Xiaotieshan lead-zinc mine, the third smelting plant and the northwest lead-zinc smelting plant. Shaanxi has the Lead-zinc mine, Erlihe lead-zinc mine, Yindongliang Lead-Zinc Mine, etc. and Qinghai Xitieshan Mining Bureau. Northwest lead and zinc production is small, but development prospects are promising. First, there are abundant lead and zinc mineral resources. Located in the Xicheng-Fengtai mineral belt at the junction of Gansu and Shaanxi, more than 10 large and medium-sized lead-zinc-silver-gold deposits have been explored in the past 20 years, among which Changba-Lijiagou lead-zinc deposits have exceeded Large scale, silver reaches large scale. Second, Changba is speeding up the construction of a large-scale mine, which will become the main mineral raw material supply base for the northwest smelting plant and is one of the country's large-scale lead and zinc mines. In addition to the above-mentioned five major lead and zinc production bases, a number of small and medium-sized mines have also been built in Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Guizhou and other provinces. Among them, Inner Mongolia Wutonghua lead-zinc mine, Baiyinnuoer lead-zinc mine, Wengniute Banner Dongzi lead-zinc mine and other mines. Inner Mongolia is one of the major provinces and regions in the country that produces lead and zinc concentrates, with huge development prospects. There are lead-zinc mines such as Yinshan and Lengshuikeng in Jiangxi, and Hezhang lead-zinc mine and Shanshulin lead-zinc mine in Guizhou. Mineral types: Lead and zinc are extremely close in nature, especially in primary mineral deposits, and often occur independently. They have the same source of minerals and very similar geochemical behaviors, similar outer electronic structures, strong sulfur affinity, and form the same easily soluble complex. Their adsorption by ferromanganese, clay or organic matter is also very similar. The average content of lead in the earth's crust is about 15×10-6, and the average content in related rocks is: 7×10-6 in sandstone, 9×10-6 in carbonate rock, and 20×10-6 in shale.
The average content of zinc in the earth's crust is about 80×10-6, and the average content in related rocks is: 105×10-6 in basalt, 60×10-6 in granite, 16×10-6 in sandstone, and 20×10 in carbonate rock. -6, shale 95×10-6. In nature, about 250 kinds of lead and zinc minerals have been discovered, of which about 1/3 are sulfides and sulfates, among which galena and sphalerite are the most important. Minerals currently available for industrial utilization include: lead industrial minerals—galena (containing 86.6% lead), sulfur antimonite ore (containing 55.2% lead), brittle sulfur antimonite ore (containing 40.1% lead), cerussite (containing 40.1% lead) Containing 77.6% lead), lead vitriol (containing 68.3% lead), chromite (containing 64.1% lead), phosphorite (containing 76.38% lead), arsenite (containing 69.3% lead), vanadate (containing 69.3% lead) Containing lead 73.1%), molybdenite (containing 56.4% lead), wheel ore; zinc industrial minerals - sphalerite (containing 67.1% zinc), wurtzite (containing 67.1% zinc), smithsonite (containing 67.1% zinc) %), hemimorphite (containing 54.3% zinc), silverite (containing 58.6% zinc), hydrozincite (containing 59.6% zinc). Ore industry types can be divided into sulfide ores (lead or zinc oxidation rate <10%), oxidized ores (lead or zinc oxidation rate >30%), and mixed ores (lead or zinc oxidation rate 10%--30%) according to the degree of oxidation. ); According to the main useful components, it can be divided into: lead ore, zinc ore, lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc-copper ore, lead-zinc-sulfur ore, lead-zinc-copper-sulfur ore, lead-tin ore, lead-antimony ore, zinc-copper ore etc.; according to the structure, it can be divided into: disseminated ore, dense massive ore, brecciated ore, striped ore, veinlet disseminated ore, etc.; according to the genetic type, it mainly includes: massive sulfide type, Mississippi Valley type Type, contact metasomatism type, hydrothermal vein type; according to the ore-bearing rocks, they mainly include: granite type, skarn type, porphyry type, marine volcanic rock type, continental volcanic rock type, carbonate rock type, mudstone-fine Clastic rock type, sandy conglomerate type. There are more than 250 kinds of lead and zinc minerals found in the earth's crust, about 1/3 of which are sulfides and sulfates. Galena and sphalerite are the main industrial mineral raw materials for smelting lead and zinc. Lead-zinc ore specimens Industrial requirements Although more than 250 kinds of lead-zinc minerals have been discovered today, only 17 kinds are available for industrial utilization. Among them, there are 11 kinds of lead industrial minerals and 6 kinds of zinc industrial minerals, with galena and sphalerite being the most important. There are also smithsonite, white lead ore, etc. The type of ore industry, based on the natural type of ore, can be divided into sulfide ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate <10%), oxidized ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate >30%), and mixed ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate >30%) according to the degree of oxidation of the ore. Oxidation rate 10% ~ 30%); according to the main useful components in the ore, it can be divided into: lead ore, zinc ore, lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc-copper ore, lead-zinc-sulfur ore, lead-zinc-copper-sulfur ore, lead-tin ore , lead-antimony ore, zinc-copper ore, etc.; according to the ore structure, it can be divided into: disseminated ore, dense massive ore, brecciated ore, striped ore, veinlet disseminated ore, etc. In order to meet the needs of my country's lead-zinc mine geological exploration work and mine production and construction, the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources and the Ministry of Metallurgical Industry jointly formulated and promulgated the "Lead-Zinc Mine Geology" in 1983 based on the status of my country's lead-zinc mineral resources and mining, dressing and smelting technical conditions. Exploration Specifications" (Trial), which formulates general industrial indicators for lead-zinc mines and is used to evaluate whether mineral deposits have industrial value during general survey exploration. A Brief History of Mining The ancestors of the Chinese nation have made important contributions to the mining, smelting and utilization of lead and zinc ores. In ancient China, "lead" was written as "钅公". Lead was used in bronze casting in the middle of the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC to 11th century BC), and the lead in the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC to 771 BC) contained 99.75% lead. In ancient times, lead was often added to copper to become an alloyed metal, and was also used to make lead white, lead lead, etc. There are two types of raw materials for lead smelting in ancient times. One is lead oxide, mainly cerusite, and the other is sulfide ore, mainly galena. Lu Rong of the Ming Dynasty described the smelting method of silver-containing lead sulfide ore in Shuyuan Miscellaneous Notes. Song Yingxing mentioned in "Tiangong Kaiwu" that there were three types of lead-zinc minerals mined at that time. One was "silver lead", which refers to galena produced with chalcite and other minerals; the other was "silver lead". "Tongshan Lead" refers to polymetallic ores containing galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, etc.; the other is "Tongshan Lead", which may refer to galena with coarse crystals. Since lead ore contains a lot of silver, lead was mined and smelted in large quantities in ancient times in order to extract silver. China is the first country to invent zinc smelting. In ancient times, zinc was called "Japanese lead". According to historical records, zinc smelting was already possible in the Five Dynasties of the 10th century. There is a record in the Hezhang Chronicle of Guizhou that zinc smelting began in the Magu area of the county during the Tianfu reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Later Han Dynasty (947 AD). Song Yingxing of the Ming Dynasty also described in "Tiangong Kaiwu" that calamine was used as raw material and smelted in a crucible. The book was accompanied by pictures. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, zinc was mainly used to prepare brass for casting money and making various utensils. Export of zinc ingots to Europe began around the beginning of the 17th century. In 1745, a ship loading zinc ingots from Guangzhou ran aground and sank in Gothenburg, Sweden. In 1872, a part of the zinc ingots was salvaged. After analysis, the zinc content reached 98.99%, which shows that the level of zinc smelting in China was quite high at that time. Ancient China not only made important innovations in the smelting and utilization of lead and zinc, but also recognized the zoning of lead-zinc ore output very early.
It is recorded in "Guan Zi Di Shu Pian" that "those with mausoleum stones on top have lead, tin and red copper below", and "those with lead on top have silver below." In the contemporary exploration of many lead-zinc deposits, many mining areas were discovered through ancient mine tunnels and smelting slag sites. In the old China, the foundation of the lead and zinc industry was weak. There were only a few small-scale mines and factories. Mining, mineral processing, and smelting were basically produced by local methods. The maximum annual output was 8,900 tons of lead and 7,100 tons of zinc. After the founding of New China, the lead and zinc industry developed rapidly. After more than 60 years of large-scale geological exploration, abundant lead and zinc mineral resources have been discovered, a number of large and super large lead and zinc mines have been discovered, and a large number of state-owned large and medium-sized lead and zinc mines and smelting plants have been built, forming a large-scale mining, processing and smelting production capacity. Since this century, my country's lead and zinc production has ranked first in the world, becoming the world's largest lead and zinc producer. Development strategic planning 1. The need for transformation and upgrading Transformation and upgrading has become a kind of corporate consciousness. It is necessary to make the enterprise truly have strong core competitiveness, strong innovation and adaptability, strong corporate cohesion, strong social influence, and strong sustainable development. The key to becoming one of the "Top Five" companies is to grasp the "transformation and upgrading". Just like a person's health requires full-body exercise, taking advantage of the opportunity of formulating the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" development strategy, companies must grasp the opportunity to change their minds (effectively change their development methods), Turn around (innovate and reform management systems and mechanisms), and turn around (improve execution capabilities). As the transformation and upgrading of traditional industrial enterprises, we must not only focus on the transformation and upgrading that is demand-oriented, innovation-driven, and manufacturing service-oriented. When conditions permit, we should also pay attention to and intervene in new urbanization-oriented and Transformation and upgrading guided by foreign investment. 2. To become stronger and bigger, we need to analyze the opportunities, challenges, advantages, and disadvantages that the company will face in the next five years and even longer, review the situation, and formulate the company's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" development strategy, so that the company can see the prospects for development. . Seizing the new wave of urbanization, industries are transforming into mature structures, corporate mergers and reorganizations are intensifying, markets are breaking through in new directions, resource space is expanding and optimizing, and regional economies are moving towards comprehensive integrated development, *** accelerating transformation and acceleration Various opportunities for great achievements, innovation and development, and further making the enterprise bigger, stronger and longer-lasting will be possible. 3. The need for sustainable development. Formulating the company's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" development strategy is a good time to plan for the company's rebirth. Examine the past gains and losses of the company's "three majors and one major" and the weak links in management. If there are loopholes, you can apply "patches"; if there are too many forms of management, poor results, and insufficient leadership and execution, you can prescribe the right medicine. , giving strong medicine from the perspective of system, mechanism and system management. Market Prospects Since 2009, the lead and zinc industry has continued to increase energy conservation and emission reduction and industry mergers and reorganizations, accelerating industrial structural adjustment, and the number of enterprises above designated size has continued to decrease. As of 2011, the number of enterprises in China's lead and zinc smelting industry was 509, a significant decrease of 132 from 2010. However, the proportion of lead and zinc enterprises in the entire industry has not changed much, accounting for 0.16%. At the same time, the total industry assets accounted for 0.26% of the entire industry. %, which is equivalent to 2010. The total industry value was 173.973 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of more than 20%. Overall, the scale of my country's lead and zinc industry expanded in 2011, and industry concentration further increased. However, the scale expansion rate was not as fast as in 2010, mainly due to the low overall operating level of the industry in 2011. In 2011, the high price of domestic lead and zinc ores has been plaguing smelting enterprises. Large-scale backbone enterprises are increasingly dependent on foreign lead concentrates and zinc concentrates, which has become a bottleneck restricting my country's lead and zinc industry. In the past few years, China has gradually experienced a shortage of raw materials, and its import volume has increased year by year, changing from a concentrate exporter to an importer. It is difficult to achieve a substantial increase in mine output during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, and the low level of resource security will become a bottleneck restricting the development of my country's lead and zinc industry in the next few years. In the past 10 years, my country's lead-zinc ore reserves have been developed and utilized to a high degree, and a large proportion of the reserves have been utilized. There is a considerable gap compared with the world's major lead-zinc resource countries. China has abundant lead-zinc ore resources and huge potential for lead-zinc ore required in the urbanization process. The development of China's lead-zinc ore market is relatively stable. In the future, with the support of government policies and planning, the improvement of the economic situation, the growth of downstream consumption and the increase in industrial concentration caused by industry integration, the above series of measures will promote the development of China's lead-zinc ore market. In the long run, accelerating the pace of industrial structural adjustment, eliminating backward industry production capacity and other industrial structural integration are the general directions and trends for the future development of China's lead and zinc industry. Regarding the prospects of this industry, more emphasis will be placed on energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection in the future. At the same time, the lead and zinc industry has begun to shift to international operations. Technology Development "Water Saving Technology Development for Large-scale Lead and Zinc Smelting Enterprises" project was launched on January 7, 2013 by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and CICC Lingnan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. Shaoguan Smelting Plant The "Water Saving Technology Development for Large-scale Lead and Zinc Smelting Enterprises" project jointly completed passed the scientific and technological achievements appraisal meeting held by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association in Beijing. The expert group believes that the project results have filled a gap in the country and conducted an engineering demonstration at the Shaoguan smelting plant. The treatment effect is good, the industrial water reuse rate is high, the operation is stable, and the pollutants are significantly reduced. The overall technology has reached the international advanced level, among which The "High Concentration Slurry Method (HDS)" technology is internationally leading. This topic is the "Development of Water-Saving Technology for Large-Scale Nonferrous Smelting Enterprises" project of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" National Science and Technology Support Project.
This project successfully developed a complete set of water-saving technologies for large-scale lead and zinc smelting enterprises in response to the needs of water resource allocation control, water reuse, and advanced wastewater treatment in the lead and zinc smelting industry. The first main feature is the use of the mechanism of coarse granulation and crystallization of return sludge to increase sediment concentration, improve treatment efficiency and prevent scaling of pipeline equipment. For the first time in China, the "High Concentration Slurry Method (HDS)" technology was used to treat lead and zinc. According to the research and engineering demonstration of smelting industrial wastewater, relevant supporting equipment has been developed. Compared with the conventional lime method, the water treatment capacity can be increased by 1 to 2 times and the mud discharge volume can be reduced by 10 to 20 times. The second is through membrane material screening and technology. Integrated optimization, we have developed a technology for deep treatment of lead and zinc smelting wastewater using a combination of physical and chemical membrane method, and the effluent water quality meets the requirements of new water for industrial use; third, we adopt a combination of "source control-process regulation-end treatment" to research The comprehensive water-saving integrated technology of "separated water supply, water quality safety guarantee and advanced sewage treatment and reuse" for large-scale lead and zinc smelting enterprises has greatly improved the reuse rate of industrial water and significantly reduced the discharge of pollutants.