What specific contents are included in the national construction standard design of steel structure residential buildings? The following Zhongda Consulting Bidding Teacher will answer your questions for your reference.
For a long time, my country's residential structures have been dominated by brick-concrete structures and reinforced concrete structures. The traditional residential structure is heavy. At the same time, due to thick walls, high beams, and large columns, the space utilization rate is low, the bay depth is small, and the layout is inflexible. The steel structure residential system is a residential system composed of an envelope structure and a steel supporting structure. It is a new energy-saving and land-saving residential system. Its steel structure residence abandons solid clay bricks and effectively utilizes land resources. Compared with traditional houses, steel structure houses have advantages in terms of use function, design, construction and comprehensive economy, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: - The use of space can better meet the requirements of large bays and flexible separation of buildings. It can increase the usable area by 5-8%. ——The steel structure system is lightweight and high-strength, which can reduce the weight of the building structure, greatly reduce the foundation cost, and reduce transportation and hoisting costs. ——Steel structures are easy to finalize and standardize, can be produced in factories, and the construction quality is easy to ensure. It can realize the prefabrication and on-site assembly construction of components, realize technology integration, improve the technological content and use functions of the residence, and meet the requirements of residential industrialization. ——New materials such as lightweight composite wall panels and composite floor slabs used in conjunction with steel structures meet building energy conservation and environmental protection requirements and can meet the requirements of energy conservation standards. ——The steel structure has good ductility and strong integrity, and the building has good earthquake and wind resistance. ——The construction speed is fast, the cycle is short, and the construction operations are less affected by weather and seasons. ——Easy to modify and dismantle. The recovery and recycling rate of materials is high. In 2003, the Ministry of Construction issued the task of compiling the national building standard design atlas of "Steel Structure Residences". The chief editors of the standard design atlas are the China Building Standards Design Institute and the Housing Industrialization Promotion Center and Science and Technology Development Promotion Center of the Ministry of Construction. The China Building Standards Design Institute is responsible for organizing and compiling the standard design atlas. The compilation team compiled a national building standard design atlas of "Steel Structure Residences" on the basis of a large amount of data collection, investigation and research, carefully summarizing the experience of demonstration projects, and drawing on advanced foreign experience for use by architectural designers, real estate developers and construction companies. Used by construction units. According to the characteristics of steel structure residences, the "Steel Structure Residences" atlas is divided into two volumes, namely "Steel Structure Residences (1)" (05J910-1) and "Steel Structure Residences (2)" (05J910-2). In each atlas, each type of steel structure residential structural system, wall structure, roof system and floor system and its technical requirements are expressed in detail with text and architectural structural details, and the construction methods and methods of stairs are also expressed. The connection structure with the floor and the floor, the connection structure of the doors, windows and walls, the connection structure between the wall and the foundation, the wall and the floor, the wall and the roof, etc., as well as the engineering methods of the wall, floor and roof, etc. 1. "Steel Structure Residence (1)" Atlas "Steel Structure Residence (1)" includes cold-formed thin-walled steel dense rib system and light steel frame system. (1) Cold-formed thin-walled steel dense-rib system The structural components of the cold-formed thin-walled steel dense-rib system are made of galvanized (or galvanized) thin-walled steel rolled at room temperature. Section steel adopts C-shaped and U-shaped sections. Wall thickness 0.45~2.5 mm. The amount of galvanizing is generally not less than 180 g/m2. In coastal areas or in highly corrosive places and when there are special requirements, the amount of galvanizing should be greater than 275 g/m2. The structural panels of the wall are oriented strand board (OSB board, thickness greater than or equal to 11 mm), plywood and cement chip board (thickness not less than 12 mm). The inner panel of the exterior wall shall be gypsum board or cement chip board with a thickness of not less than 12 mm. There are C-shaped or U-shaped keels between the structural plate and the inner side plate (the distance between the keels is 400 to 600 mm), and glass wool is filled between the keels. A thermal insulation layer is laid on the outside of the structural plate in accordance with the requirements of building energy-saving design standards (the thickness is calculated thermally). The exterior facing can be wood, metal, cement fiber or PVC siding, or masonry facing (only for one layer). There is a vapor layer in the wall to prevent the insulation material from getting damp and ensure the breathability of the wall. The plates and keels are fixed with self-tapping anchors. The roof system adopts cold-formed thin-walled steel roof trusses. Roofing panels are structural panels such as oriented strand board, plywood or cement particle board. There is a waterproof layer on the roof panel and an insulation layer underneath (the thickness is thermally calculated to meet the requirements of energy-saving design standards). Colored cement tiles, linoleum tiles or colored steel tile roofs. The roof should be a sloping roof with a slope of 1:4 to 1:1. The floor adopts cold-formed thin-walled steel floor beams, covered with structural plates, and a 50-thick cement perlite laminate layer is poured on the plates. The floor surface is made of wood flooring, floor tiles or stone. (2) Light steel frame system The light steel frame system is a load-bearing frame composed of hot-rolled H-shaped steel (or I-beam), high-frequency welded H-shaped and cold-formed square tubes, etc., and is surrounded by composite curtain walls or infill walls. A steel structure residential system. The wall panels in the photo album are made in the factory using fly ash as filler, sulfoaluminate as cement, polystyrene foam (EPS) as core material, and glass fiber mesh as reinforcement material. A lightweight board. The plates and light steel frames and plates are bonded with special adhesives. Double-layer panels are used to prevent thermal bridges.
2. "Steel Structure Residence (2)" "Steel Structure Residence (2)" atlas includes 4 types of steel structure systems: steel frame system, steel frame-bracing system, steel frame-shear wall system and steel frame-concrete The core tube system, as well as the architectural structural details and stair and pipeline layout drawings of the above four systems such as exterior walls, partition walls, floors, roofs and other building parts. The atlas also includes steel structure protection, lightning protection and grounding, etc. The experience and practice of actual steel structure residential projects are also compiled as an appendix behind the atlas for reference by designers. (1) Selection of structural system According to engineering practice, commonly used structural systems can be selected with reference to the following range: 4 to 6 floors are steel frame system, steel frame-bracing system, steel frame-shear wall system; 7 to 12 floors are steel Frame-concrete core (shear wall) system. The cross-section form of steel components should be hot-rolled H-shaped steel, high-frequency welded H-shaped steel and steel tube concrete. (2) The column grid layout of the building plan should be regular, and residential units or apartments should be used as units to achieve modularity. Modular flat connections, staggered connections, and symmetrical concave (convex) connections should be used to adapt to the overall plan layout. The change. When the module adopts a small column network, it should be designed in combination with the floor slab and pipelines; when the module uses a large column network, the facility pipes should be centrally designed as fixed and positioned pipe bundles. Electrical and communication lines can be along the cavity, skirting and mirror hanging lines of the partition wall. Or top line layout. The kitchen and bathroom are located close to the concrete core tube or concrete shear wall, avoiding the load-bearing components of the steel structure to facilitate fire prevention and anti-corrosion treatment of steel components. Vertical pipelines are centrally arranged in pipe wells or pipe walls, or installed on site using factory prefabricated pipe bundles. The bathroom uses same-floor drainage. Use a two-pipe system for central heating, and adopt temperature adjustment control valves and heat meters. Use the equipotential characteristics of the steel structure to make natural ground connection. (3) Wall steel frame system, steel frame-support system, steel frame-concrete core tube (shear wall) system. External walls can be filled with small concrete blocks, autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete panels, and prefabricated reinforced concrete. Wall panels, steel mesh polystyrene sandwich panels, fiber cement exterior wall panels, polyurethane composite exterior wall panels, metal surface embossed composite panels, etc. Interior walls can use fiberglass-strength gypsum hollow boards, fiber cement board poured (foam concrete) walls, lightweight composite wall panels, etc. (4) Roof system 1. The flat roof uses shaped steel beams (I-beam, C-shaped steel) and prefabricated reinforced concrete roof panels with thermal insulation and waterproof layers. 2. The slope roof adopts portal frame, truss, light steel keel truss (bracket), I-shaped (or C-shaped) and steel purlin, colored cement tile, colored steel plate tile and colored asphalt tile roof. Slope roofs should also have thermal insulation and waterproof layers. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined by thermal calculation and meets the requirements of energy-saving design standards. The development of steel structure housing is in line with the country's industrial technology policy of protecting cultivated land and saving energy. It is also one of the production methods to realize the industrialization of housing. The development of steel structure housing is the general trend. As the country's strategic decision to develop energy-saving and land-saving housing and build a conservation-oriented society further deepens and housing industrialization becomes a new growth point for my country's economic development, the development of steel structure housing will be the only way for the development of housing industrialization. At present, my country's steel structure residential industry has entered a new stage of development. Relevant specifications, standards and construction standard designs have been successively released and implemented. In addition, the domestic supply of steel is sufficient, and there are a number of steel structure residential pilot and demonstration projects with construction experience and technology. As a result, the development of steel structure housing has a good material and technical foundation. Of course, a lot of work still needs to be done to promote and improve different types of structural design specifications and construction technical standards, and to develop new lightweight insulation wall materials and matching residential components. At the same time, the advantages of developing steel structure residences must be widely publicized so that more developers, designers and users can understand steel structure residences.
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