Shao Quanlin: a frank cultural fighter
He was born in party member, which was influenced by the new literature and embarked on the revolutionary road. At the age of 22, he became the secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the * * * Youth League and the Standing Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of China. He was also a cultural fighter who influenced others with a pen and ink.
He is sickly, and he is also the editor-in-chief of People's Literature and the party secretary of the first Chinese Writers' Association, but he is willing and brave to fend off the storm of right and wrong for writers and artists.
He is a wanderer in Ningbo, who has been wandering for half a century without forgetting his local accent.
He just joined the Party at the age of less than 2, and is a famous literary theorist and writer in China, Shao Quanlin.
It's better to be a revolutionary than a rich young master
One day in the early winter of p>196, a baby boy "Guagua" was born in the home of Shao Jingting, a medicine dealer in Chongqing, a mountain city. This baby boy is Shao Quanlin. According to the ranking of the Shaw family, the father named his son "Junyuan", hoping that his son would grow up to be an outstanding person and honor his ancestors. When Xiao Junyuan was 4 years old, his father brought him back to his hometown in Ningbo-Dongshao Village, Zhuangqiao Town, Cixi County (now Zhuang Qiao Street, Jiangbei District).
Dongshao Village is located on the north bank of Yaojiang River and the west side of Ningci Highway. The village is not big, because there are many Shao surnames, and because some Shao family members were promoted as officials in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, leaving several ancient buildings with five horseheads, so the village was named after Shao surnames. According to the rural customs, Shao Fu hired a private school for Xiao Junyuan to teach him the "Four Books and Five Classics" and to be literate and sensible.
In p>1919, Shao Fu left Zhuang Qiao with Junyuan to attend junior high school in Fudan Middle School. During his reading, he began to accept the idea of the new cultural revolution. While reading the new literary works represented by Lu Xun and Guo Moruo, he thought about how to assume the responsibility of a man at the critical moment of "the rise and fall of the nation".
It's been another six years while studying and thinking. In 1925, Shao Junyuan was admitted to Fudan University in Shanghai and enrolled in the Department of Economics. This choice made Shao's family very satisfied, especially Shao's father, who was in business, but he didn't know that his son was thinking about how to save the Chinese nation, and his son was exploring the road to economic prosperity and national salvation.
In the process of exploration and hesitation, Shao Junyuan finally found the answer that "China takes the road of * * * productism". He resolutely changed his name to "Yimin" and "Tsuen Lin" was his pen name. He devoted himself to the upsurge of the May 3th Movement in Shanghai and became one with the workers. In March of the following year, he joined the China * * * Production Party.
Shanghai during the Great Revolution was a white terror. The school found out that Shao Quanlin was involved in the underground work of the * * * production party and fired him. Shao Fu, who was full of hope, was angry and anxious when he heard that his son was fired. Shao's family has many stores in Shanghai, Chongqing, Wuhan, Shandong and other places. Shao's father expects his son to succeed in his studies, take over his class and prosper his family business. Now, since this road is blocked, he lets his son study in Japan to leave the environment of "doing nothing". Shao Fu excitedly arranged everything for his son, and led many relatives and friends to study in Japan for Shao Quanlin's farewell dinner ... To Shao Fu's surprise, when the whistle of the ship set sail sounded for the third time, Shao Quanlin lowered his hat, picked up a small suitcase and mingled with the Fujian crowd, and quietly landed. Later, another client sent a letter from Qingdao saying "Don't miss peace".
a few months later, the Shao family's boy ran into the gentleman in the street, and Shao's father suddenly realized that his son had never left Shanghai. When Shao's mother learned that her son didn't go to Japan, she cried into tears. Shao Fu mobilized all his strength to find his son. However, in the vast Shanghai, where can I find the son of the underground party?
In fact, when Shao Fu was looking for his son, Shao Quanlin had already left Shanghai for Hangzhou to serve as the organization minister of the Youth League Committee. "I would rather be a revolutionary than a rich young master." This choice means the beginning of a turbulent life. For life at that time, Shao Quanlin said: "At that time, we often went to Russian restaurants and asked for the cheapest soup. Eating brown bread there is free. " Shao Quanlin lived in a pavilion and slept on a bunk bed without a bed. His ears almost became food for hungry mice.
Although the hard life did not shake Shao Quanlin's revolutionary determination, it destroyed his already weak body. In the spring of 1929, during a speech to the workers, Shao Quanlin suddenly vomited blood. If nothing happened, he rinsed his mouth with tap water and went on talking, but he could go back to the dormitory. Blood gushed out like a fountain and was sent to the hospital by his comrades. It turned out that his lungs had formed a hole.
At that time, tuberculosis, known as consumption, seemed to be an incurable disease, so almost no hospital was willing to take Shao Quanlin, who was suffering from stage III tuberculosis. Fortunately, he was admitted to a private clinic opened by Germans, and Shao Fu, who opened a bank, paid for the treatment, so Shao Quanlin, who was dying, had to be brought back from death.
After his illness became stable, Shao Quanlin was brought back to Zhuang Qiao by his father to recuperate. During this period, Shao Fu wanted to tie his son's heart and decided to marry him. Shao Fu found a large family of darling daughter for his son. A beautiful bride, a brand-new copper bed, an elegant organ, a wedding room with a western atmosphere, and a candlelight night with a combination of Chinese and western styles ... However, everything failed to impress Shao Quanlin's revolutionary heart. Whenever the night closed, he must leave the new house with Marx and Engels' works and the literary works of Lu Xun and Gorky, and read and write articles in the back woodshed to prepare for returning to the front line of battle.
pen and ink is a masterpiece of knife and gun
In p>1933, Shao Quanlin returned to Shanghai after recovering from illness.
before that, he traveled to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and successively served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Youth League Committee of Jiangsu Province, secretary of the Youth League Committee of Zhejiang Province, and a member of the Standing Committee of Zhejiang Province. At the enlarged meeting of Zhejiang Provincial Committee in May, 1928, Shao Quanlin met Zhou Enlai ... Therefore, after returning to Shanghai, he asked the temporary Party Central Committee in Shanghai to resume his work in the name of "making friends", and the underground organization let him serve as the propaganda minister of "Shanghai Anti-imperialist Grand Alliance". Because of his lack of work, Shao Quanlin hosted the "Ximen Bookstore" publishing house, which opened a career of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal propaganda with a pen and ink. Thanks to Mr. Lu Xun's encouragement and support, Ximen Bookstore has been well run. In 1934, the revolutionary situation turned to a low ebb, and he was arrested and imprisoned because of the traitor's betrayal.
Shao's father was shocked and angry when he learned the news of his son's misfortune again. Thinking of his "unfilial" behavior, he really wanted to give up, but when he heard that his son was about to be sent to Yuhuatai, Nanjing, his father's heart softened. He scraped together 3, yuan to bail Quan Lin out. Unexpectedly, after being released from prison, Shao Quanlin plunged into the pavilion and continued his revolutionary work. At this time, the underground organization in Shanghai was almost paralyzed, but Shao Quanlin was not disappointed. While looking for an organization, he wrote novels Sugar and In front of the Station and translated Gorky's How to Write.
After contacting the organization, Shao Quanlin worked in Zhejiang, Guilin, Chongqing, Hong Kong and other places to publicize the Party's culture. The publications edited by him include Southeast Front, Zhejiang Tide, Southeast Literature and Art, Youth Unity, Southeast Children, New Women, Culture and Popular Literature and Art Series. During this period, he has been with active literary and art circles. After the Japanese army occupied Hong Kong, Mao Dun moved to Guilin with the intellectuals in Hong Kong. At that time, Guilin was in short supply of housing, and Shao Quanlin gave it to Mao Dun and his family. From this, Mao Dun recalled in the article "Deeply Mourning Comrade Shao Quanlin": "Fortunately, Ge Qin gave us a cabin in her house, which solved the problem. Shao Quanlin and Ge Qin live in a small room facing the north of the building. Although they are upstairs, they can't see the sun. Shao Quanlin works in a cultural supply station, compiles Literary Magazine, and also leads some youth organizations in Guilin to give lectures. I think he was too busy at that time. Although he wanted to talk to him more, he really couldn't bear to deprive him of his rest time ... ""His weak body also shocked me. He is about ten years younger than me, but he is skinny and often coughs. However, he is sick and meticulous. "
As Mao Dun said, Shao Quanlin was sickly and had been in prison. Cough and low fever accompanied by hemoptysis tortured his weak body, but he ignored it, like a never-ending cultural fighter fighting on a desk without smoke.
When leading the anti-Japanese United front work in Guilin cultural circles, the Hero's Interlude, which was planned and staged by him, Du Xuan and Tian Han, caused a sensation in the whole city. As soon as Mao Zedong's On New Democracy was published, Shao Quanlin, the editor-in-chief of Literature and Art Magazine, first publicized and explained Mao Zedong's new book, so that the authorities seized the magazine and wanted him and his wife Ge Qin. On the occasion of welcoming the founding of New China, Shao Quanlin devoted himself to the United front work of the literary and art circles in Hong Kong, and won a large number of literary and art workers back to the mainland to participate in the construction of the motherland.
Shao Quanlin once said: "Since the May 4th Movement, how many intellectuals have been eliminated by history, and how many brave warriors have become more and more fierce with the progress of history." Shao Quanlin is one of the brave soldiers, whether in wartime or in peacetime. In addition to his work, he is also engaged in literary creation and literary theory review, eulogizing the era with his pen and praising the working people at the lower level. According to statistics, his works include a collection of short stories, Hero, Wedding Banquet and Lodging Shop. The scripts created include "Ji Xi" and "Qilin Village"; Translation works include Unexpected Surprise, Insulted and Damaged, Shadow and Dawn. In addition to his achievements in creation and translation, he has written many works on literary theory, including Comments on Talks, Comments on Popular Literary Series, On Subjective Issues, Opinions on the Current Literary Movement, etc., and a collection of Selected Comments by Shao Quanlin.
Shao Quan-lin's representative literary ideas are mainly about "writing middle people" and "deepening realism", which were put forward at two conferences held by Literary Newspaper in the early 196s and at the symposium on rural novel creation held in Dalian. The purpose of this view is that literary and artistic creation should be diversified not only in subject matter, but also in character description, and it is not possible to write only positive or negative characters and ignore the middle characters. Moreover, this view has caused a literary and artistic controversy that lasted for two years, and even became the basis for a comprehensive criticism of him during the Cultural Revolution.
When history turns to today, we reread these literary discourses, and find that they just reflect the frank cultural fighter's calm thinking on life and his unique and profound insights on the present situation of literature and art and the present situation of theory.
After p>1949, Shao Quanlin was transferred to the posts of Deputy Secretary-General, Planning Director, Vice Chairman and Party Secretary of the Cultural and Educational Committee of the State Council (the State Council). As the leader of China's literary and artistic work, his personality charm of being reasonable and kind to others has influenced a large number of cultural people. Especially at the critical moment of right and wrong, he dared to use his weak body to resist the wind and rain from all sides for writers and artists. In the early 195s, Yang Shuo's "Three Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" was questioned after it was published. Shao Quan-lin rushed to write nearly 1, words of academic comments entitled "Several Opinions on" Three Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains "overnight, and analyzed and affirmed that it was a better work. A few years later, when Ding Ling's "The Sun Shines on the Sanggan River" was rejected, and when Wang Meng's new work "The New Young Man in the Organization Department" was regarded as poisonous weeds and was attacked, Shao Quanlin was able to speak out. Wang Meng commented on this: "He is like a big tree, putting himself on the windbreak outpost and trying to alleviate the disaster of the trees behind him."
in p>1946, working in Hankou, he got a diary of the new fourth army soldiers transferred from Wuhan office. This is an unsigned and scrawled war diary. He is very busy, but he keeps thinking about his diary and makes time to copy it every day. Has been brought from Hankou to Shanghai, and from Shanghai to Hong Kong, copied into a draft of "Bamian Mountain", published in the "People" magazine, which was well received by readers. Shao Quanlin is good at discovering new literary works and newcomers, and many literary newcomers such as Liu Shaotang and Wang Yuanjian stand out with his influence and help.
Shao Quanlin changed his life path under the influence of literary works, and he and his works also influenced others, especially his hometown and family. In this regard, his nephew Shao Jiyun recalled: "Our village, especially the Shao family, is proud of having a * * * producer like my uncle. In 195, three people in the village signed up for the army, and people hoped that they would be as promising as their uncles. Later, they really became cadres at a considerable level in the armed forces. My uncle had a greater influence on my family. My eldest brother joined the * * * production party when he was in middle school, and was the leader of the student movement in Zhuzhou Middle School (now Ningbo No.2 Middle School) at that time. The second brother also worked as a parent, joined the army, and later became a Russian translator of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Naval Command. " Speaking of which, Shao Jiyun recalled the first time he met his uncle. It was the early summer of 1952, and Shao Quanlin went south to recuperate in Moganshan, Hangzhou. During this period, he invited his younger brother and his family to meet in Hangzhou. When meeting at the bus station, Shao Quanlin first asked about the situation in his hometown of Zhuang Qiao. After that, he accompanied his younger brother's family of four to visit the scenic spots in Hang Cheng. By the Tiger Running Spring, he performed tricks for his nephews. When eating white loquat, he also explained the types and efficacy of loquat; While watching fish in Huagang, he recited poems while watching, which seemed like a peaceful and kind elder. However, when he saw two nephews eating steamed bread with only one layer of skin and throwing away the snow-white steamed bread core, his face immediately became dignified, and he pointed out softly, "This kind of eating is not good. You know how many people have worked for a steamed bread!"
Shao Quanlin is like this, educating his nephews in detail. Shao Jiyun recalled his life track and was very grateful for the influence of his uncle and the books he sent him. When he was studying in Qingdao, Shao Jiyun got along with his uncle several times. Shao Quanlin left him with the impression that his uncle's life was very simple. When he went to work every day, Mammy put cigarettes and handkerchiefs in his pocket, and Mammy invited him to eat every meal, so that he knew it was time to eat. He was a heavy smoker, but when he talked to someone, he forgot his cigarette and put it out. In addition, his uncle left him the impression that he was full of Ningbo dialect. For this reason, Shao Jiyan's mother once asked Shao Quanlin how she didn't forget Ningbo dialect. The wanderer, who has been away from Ningbo for more than 3 years, said with deep affection: "You can't forget your hometown, and you can't forget your local accent." Unfortunately, Shao Quanlin, who never forgets Ningbo and Zhuang Qiao, did not leave a photo with his hometown. According to his daughter Shao Ji 'an, "... my father once treasured a photo taken at Zhuang Qiao Railway Station in his youth, but it didn't escape the bad luck like his father during the Cultural Revolution, and the photo was copied away. My father was repeatedly criticized and struggled, secretly detained and tortured, and died in prison in June 1971. "
Not only that, but even his ashes were ordered not to be kept, which made it difficult for the boy to return to his roots. Fortunately, history is just. On September 21st, 1979, Hu Qiaomu presided over a memorial service to rehabilitate this outstanding cultural fighter. Ye Jianying, Chen Yun and Deng Yingchao sent wreaths, and Hu Yaobang, Wang Zhen and Song Renqiong attended the memorial service. Comrade Zhou Yang praised in his eulogy: "Comrade Quan Lin is an outstanding party member of China's * * * production party, a proletarian literary theorist, writer and leader of the party's literary and artistic work in China. His death is a major donation in China's literary and art circles. " The party and people gave a fair evaluation of this outstanding son of the Chinese nation. His main works have been included in Shao Quanlin's Collection of Comments and other books.